Current Affairs - July 2020

• Defence Forces Academy, Ghaziabad
• 31, Dec 2020

Content

• Current Affairs
• GS Corner: Ocean Currents
• Polity Corner: 100 Points to Remember

Current Affairs

FSSAI releases State food safety index for 2019-20

Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has released the results of the second State Food Safety Index to celebrate World Food Safety Day. On this occasion, FSSAI also released an e-handbook on “Eat Right during COVID-19” for citizens. It highlights safe food practices to be followed diligently and tips on health and nutrition. The State Food Safety Index ranks states on five parameters of food safety every year.

These parameters are:

1. Human Resources and Institutional Data
2. Compliance
3. Food Testing Facility
4. Training
5. Capacity Building besides Consumer Empowerment

Winners are distributed in three categories.

• Large State • Small State • Union Territories

Following is the list of winners:

Large States: Winner

1. Gujarat
2. Tamil Nadu
3. Maharashtra

Small States: Award

1. Goa
2. Manipur
3. Meghalaya

Union Territories (UTs): Award

1. Chandigarh
2. Delhi
3. Andaman Islands

UNCTAD Releases “World Investment Report 2020”

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has released its flagship report titled as “World Investment Report 2020: International Production Beyond the Pandemic”. This is the 30th edition of the report. The report monitors the global as well as regional FDI trends and also documents the national and international investment policy developments. It also analyses the impacts of the COVID19 crisis. Key findings of the report:

• The report forecasts Global FDI flows to decrease by up to 40% in 2020, from their 2019 value of $1.54 trillion.
• According to the report, the investment flows are expected to slowly recover starting from 2022 to be led by global value chains (GVCs).
• As per the report, Global FDI is projected to decrease by a further 5 to 10% in 2021, followed by a recovery in 2022.
• Report mentioned that among developed countries, FDI flows to Europe are expected to fall by 30 to 45%.
• Report stated that the developing economies are expected to see the biggest fall in FDI.
• The FDI flows to developing Asia is projected to fall by 30 to 45%.
• As per the report, the inflows to South Asia increased by 10 per cent to $57 billion.
• As per the report, the FDI to India increased by 20% to $51 billion in 2019, sustaining the country’s upward FDI trend.
• Among the world’s largest FDI recipients, United States stood first in 2019.
• Among the world’s largest FDI recipients, India has jumped from 12th position in 2018 to 9th position in 2019.
• Report also mentioned that India’s large market will continue to attract market-seeking investments to the country.

India releases National Report on the state of Climate Crisis

India’s first ever National Report on the state of the Climate Crisis has been released. The report has been prepared under the aegis of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) with title “Assessment Of Climate Change Over The Indian Region”. The report analyses where India stands regarding long-term changes in climate patterns, and their attendant risks.

Key findings of the report:

• It revealed that India’s average temperature has risen by 0.7 degrees Celsius between 1901-2018, citing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) as key reason of the temperature rise.
• It also predicted two different scenarios related to India’s temperature rise by 2099. In a best-case scenario of immediate mitigation of emissions, India’s temperature will still rise by 2.7 degrees Celsius while in the worst-case scenario temperature will increase by 4.4 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.
• About the monsoon, it shows that the precipitation over north India has reduced by 6% between 1951- 2015 because of the polluting aerosol “brown cloud”. The monsoon is also expected to become more extreme in the upcoming decades.
• It also predicts the April-June heatwaves to become four times more frequent by 2099 as compared to that of 1976-2005.
• It stated that the sea level near Mumbai is rising at the rate of 3 cm per decade while it is 5 cm per decade off the Bengal coast.
• It mentioned that surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean including the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea have increased by 1 degree Celsius between 1951-2015 which is higher than the global average.
• It also shows that the frequency of warm days and nights is expected to increase upto 55% and 70% respectively.

MoHUA & SIDBI signs MoU for PM SVANidhi scheme

Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) for PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi). PM SVANidhi is a Special Micro-Credit Facility for Street Vendors.

• According to the MoU, PM SVANidhi Scheme will be implemented by SIDBI under the guidance of MoHUA. The credit guarantee to the lending institutions would also be managed by the SIDBI through Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE).
• SIDBI will ensure effective implementation of the scheme by providing a Project Management Unit (PMU) consisting of domain experts in training/ capacity building, project and platform management, banking, NBFC and MFI sectors etc for the period of scheme, i.e. upto March 2022. SIDBI will also leverage the network of lending Institutions for the Scheme implementation. The lending institutions will include Scheduled Commercials Banks (SCBs), Non-Bank Finance Companies (NBFCs), Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Co-operative Banks, Small Finance Banks (SFBs), etc.

KVIC launches project to produce Neera and Palmgur

• A unique project to produce Neera and Palmgur has been rolled out by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) in Palghar district of Maharashtra. The project aims to promote Neera as a substitute to soft drinks along with generating selfemployment opportunities for Adivasis as well as traditional trappers. Indian state Maharashtra is home to more than 50 lakh palm trees.
• As a part of project, KVIC distributed tool kits to local artisans for extraction of Neera and making palmgur. The tool kit comprised of canteen burners, perforated moulds, food grade stainless steel Kadhai, along with other equipment namely knives, rope and axes.
• Neera is a nutrient-rich health drink consumed in many Indian states, and is extracted from the palm trees before sunrise.

NITI Aayog to launch project “Decarbonising Transport in India”

• NITI Aayog will launch the “Decarbonising Transport in India” project in collaboration with International Transport Forum (ITF) to develop a pathway towards a low-carbon transport system for India. It will design a tailor-made transport emissions assessment framework for India and facilitate the government with a comprehensive understanding of present as well as future transport activities along with the related CO2 emissions.
• The project is a part of the International Transport Forum’s “Decarbonising Transport in Emerging Economies (DTEE)” family of projects.

Important Current Affairs Points

• World Health Organisation has launched the ‘COVID-19 Technology Access Pool’ for equitable access to life-saving tech. This comes after at least 37 countries jointly appealed to the WHO for common ownership of vaccines, medicines and other diagnostic tools to combat the global health crisis.
• Lazarus Chakwera becomes the new President of Malawi. He defeated incumbent Peter Mutharika with 58.57% of votes.
• Bangladesh has launched an initiative named ‘Shohojodha’, which is an online network to facilitate plasma exchange between recovered patients of COVID-19 treatment.
• Myanmar military “Tatmadaw” has decided to use Facebook again to provide ‘accurate’ news to people.
• New Zealand has declared itself free from “Coronavirus”. New Zealand achieved this milestone after 75 days of restrictions.
• Member countries of the Group of 20 (G20) has pledged more than $21 billion to improve the global health and hence supporting the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan, Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev has resigned from the post.
• Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has affirmed a USD 750 million (around Rs 5,714 crore) loan to India to enable the legislature to fortify its fight against the antagonistic effect of COVID-19 on poor and vulnerable households.
• World Economic Forum (WEF) has announced its 2020 cohort of Technology Pioneers. WEF has unveiled 100 new tech firms awardees which are leaders in carbon capture, alternative meat and circular economies, while some of them aims to address food security, financial access etc. The 20th cohort of Technology Pioneers comprised 2 Indian firms namely: ZestMoney and Stellapps.
• The World Bank has approved USD 1.05 billion for three projects in Bangladesh to generate quality jobs and boost economic recovery in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The three projects namely: Private Investment and Digital Entrepreneurship (PRIDE), Enhancing Digital Government and Economy (EDGE), and Second Programmatic Jobs Development Policy Credit, are expected to help the economy in its recovery by generating jobs and encouraging direct private investment in specialized economic zones.
• The Senkaku Islands dispute, or Diaoyu Islands dispute, concerns a territorial dispute over a gaggle of uninhabited islands referred to as the Senkaku Islands in Japan, the Diaoyu Islands in China and Tiaoyutai Islands in Taiwan. Recently, a local council in southern Japan has approved a bill to change the name of an area containing Senkaku Islands from Tonoshiro to Tonoshiro Senkaku.
• Pakistan will remain on the grey list of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) for failing to abide by the FATF’s deadline to prosecute and penalise terrorist financing in the country. The plenary was held under the Chinese Presidency of Xiang Liu.
• Micheal Martin has been elected as new Prime Minister of Ireland.
• Khelo India e-Pathshala programme has been has been launched by the Sports Authority of India (SAI) in collaboration with National Sporting Federations (NSF).
• Former Germany footballer Mario Gomez has announced his retirement from the sport. The german striker scored 31 goals in 78 appearances for the national team.
• The National Anti-Doping Agency’s first mobile app named as “NADA App” has been launched. It aims to bridge the gap between NADA and the athletes by offering easily-accessible information on various aspects of sport, prohibited substances as well as dope-testing.
• India has been awarded the hosting rights of the 2022 Women’s Asian Cup by the Asian Football Confederation. The tournament has been expanded from the previous slots of eight teams to 12 teams.
• International Weightlifting Federation has cleared India’s lifter K Sanjita Chanu of anti-doping violation charges.
• Court of Arbitration for Sport has banned Former European high jump champion, Alexander Shustov for 4-years for the use or attempted use of a banned substance or method (doping).
• Athletics Integrity Unit has banned Gomathi Marimuthu for 4-years after she tested positive for banned substances.
• Oleksandr Gvozdyk, the former world light heavyweight boxing champion from Ukraine, has retired from the sport.
• India football team retained its 108th spot in the latest FIFA rankings. While Belgium ranked first and world champion France is in 2nd place and Brazil is at 3rd spot.
• Under the Sports Ministry’s flagship programme “Khelo India Scheme“, the ministry is going to set up Khelo India State Centres of Excellence (KISCE). One KISCE will be identified in each state and union territory (UT) to create a robust sporting ecosystem in the entire country, as well as to strengthen India’s pursuit for excellence in Olympics.
• Grandmaster Shakhriyar Mamedyarov of Azerbaijan has won the World Stars Sharjah Online International Chess Championship. Indian Grandmaster Pentala Harikrishna finished second in the Championship.
• Asian Paralympic Committee (APC) has announced that the 4th edition of Asian Youth Para Games will be held in Bahrain in December 2021.
• International Tennis Federation has declared the list of players, who have been chosen for the ITF World Tennis Tour Player Panels. India’s Niki Poonacha has been elected as a player member to ITF World Tennis Tour Player Men’s panels.
• New Zealand wicketkeeper-batswoman Rachel Priest has announced her retirement from International Cricket.
• Liverpool has won the English Premier League 2019-20 title. This is club’s overall 19th league title win, while this victory is their first in the Premier League era. The club won the title after Manchester City’s loss to Chelsea with score 2-1.
• FIFA Women’s World Cup 2023 will be hosted by Australia and New Zealand.
• According to a poll conducted by Wisden India, Rahul Dravid is the greatest Indian Test batsman of all time.
• Indian umpire Nitin Menon has been inducted into International Cricket Council’s Elite Panel of Umpires for the upcoming 2020-21 season. He has replaced England’s umpire Nigel Llong.
• Virtual Global Vaccine Summit 2020 was hosted by the UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson. India was represented by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the summit. During the virtual summit, India pledged a contribution of 15 Million US Dollars to Gavi, the international vaccine alliance.
• World Economic Forum will host a Unique Twin Summit in January, 2021. The twin summit will connect key global governmental and business leaders in Davos. The theme of the summit will be “The Great Reset”.
• International Workshop on “Good Governance Practices in a Pandemic for International Civil Servants” was inaugurated by the Union Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Jitendra Singh.
• The virtual 32nd special Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG) plenary meeting was attended by the Indian officials including the representatives from enforcement agencies. The meeting was held under the aegis of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
• The 45th annual meeting of the United States India Business Council (USIBC) will be marked with the 2020 India Ideas Summit. The 2020 summit will be held virtually on 21st and 22nd July. Both Indian and the United States of America Government will focus on the importance of re-establishing trade between both the nations, digitization, equitable growth, the future of healthcare system post-COVID-19, etc.
• Shri Piyush Goyal, Commerce & Industry Minister and President of NPC Governing Council chaired the 49th Governing Council Meeting of National Productivity Council (NPC).
• The G20 Extraordinary Virtual Education Ministers’ Meeting was held to address the widespread disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the education sector. Union HRD Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ represented India in the meeting. The meeting was held under the presidency of Saudi Arabia.
• Indian writer, Kritika Pandey has been honoured with Commonwealth Short Story Prize 2020 for the Asia region. She won the prize for her story “The Great Indian Tee and Snakes”.
• Indian Musician & founder of Kalakruthi music organisation in Australia, Shobha Sekhar will be conferred the “Medal of the Order of Australia” for her service to the community and the country.
• Indian Aerospace entrepreneur, Renjith Kumar has been honoured with “NASA Distinguished Service Medal” for his administration to NASA through executive leadership, engineering contribution, technical excellence and consumer loyalty.
• Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw has been named EY World Entrepreneur Of The Year 2020.
• Javed Akhtar has become 1st Indian to be honoured with the Richard Dawkins Award 2020 for critical thinking, holding religious dogma up to scrutiny, advancing human progress and humanist values.
• Indian-American soil scientist, Rattan Lal has won the prestigious World Food Prize 2020 for developing and mainstreaming a soil-centric approach to increase food production that conserves natural resources and mitigate climate change.
• Chef Angad Singh Rana has won QualityNZ Culinary Cup 2020.
• Hyderabad-based Deccan Development Society has won the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation Award.
• The German Book Trade has chosen Indian Nobel prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen for its prestigious 2020 Peace Prize. He has been chosen for his pioneering work addressing issues of global justice, social inequality in education and healthcare.
• Maharashtra government has declared the Vithabai Narayangaokar lifetime achievement award to folk artist Gulabbai Sangamnerkar.
• The Annasaheb Kirloskar award will be presented upon veteran theatre on-screen character artist Madhuvanti Dandekar.
• Himachal Pradesh state Panchayati raj department has won 1st prize under e-Panchayat Puraskar2020. This prize was given by the Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
• Kerala Health Minister K.K Shailaja was honoured by the United Nations for her efforts to fight the coronavirus pandemic in her state.
• Popstar Beyonce has been honored with the BET 2020 Humanitarian Award for her longstanding philanthropic work with her BeyGOOD Foundation, including her recent COVID-19 relief efforts such as #IDIDMYPART, a mobile testing initiative.

GS Corner : Ocean Currents

Ocean Currents are movement of mass of upper part of oceanic water in a defined direction over a great distance. The water is displaced from one part of the world and reaches to other part creating variation in temperature and salinity of ocean surface.

The following are the factors responsible for ocean currents:

• The Planetary winds,
• Temperatures,
• Salinity,
• The earth s rotation,
• Obstruction from land

Impact of Ocean Currents

Local Climate

• Warm and Cold currents affect the local climate of a region.
• For example, the Gulf Stream which is driven to the western coast of Europe as the North Atlantic Drift keeps the coasts of North Sea warm which is unusual for such high latitudes.
• Similarly, the warm waters of the Kuroshio current in the North Pacific ocean are carried as the North Pacific Drift keeping the ports of the Alaskan coast ice-free in winter.

Rains and Desert Formation

• Warm ocean currents bring rains to the coastal regions and also the interiors while cold currents do not.
• Warm currents flow along the east coast of continents in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes resulting in warm and rainy climates while cold currents flow along the west coast of continents.
• Cold currents are one of the reasons why deserts are located the western margins of continents in the sub-tropical belts.
• For example, Californian current which is a cold current brings a dry and desert type of climate to the region.

Fishing grounds

• The mixing of warm and cold currents help to replenish the oxygen and favour the growth of planktons which is the regions are rich in microscopic marine plants and animals.
• These are crucial for the survival of marine ecosystems.
• Hence these regions form excellent fishing grounds as phytoplankton is the primary source of food for the fish.
• For example, the Great Banks near Newfoundland is formed by the mixing of cold Labrador current with the warm Gulf Stream.

Navigation

• The oceanic circulation of the currents aid in the navigation of the ships.
• Ocean currents create a conveyor belt kind of system for navigation of the ships

Currents in the Indian Ocean

• The North East Monsoon Drift
• The South West Monsoon Drift
• North Equatorial Current (Warm)
• South Equatorial Current (Warm)
• Somali Current (Cold)
• Mozambique Current (Warm)
• Madagascar Current (Warm)
• Agulhas Current (Warm)
• West Australian Current (Cold)

Apart from these, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current circles the Earth across the Pacific, the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans almost without any interruption.

Polity Corner: 100 Points to Remember

PREAMBLE AND EVOLUTION OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION

1.Who is the person fondly known as the Chief Architect of the Indian Constitution?

Dr B. R. Ambedkar

2.First attempt in world to constitute a Constituent Assembly to frame a Constitution was made by ?

America

3.The first attempt by Indians to write a Constitution to India was done by a Committee headed by Motilal Nehru, which is known as?

Nehru Report

4.The idea of the Constitution of India was flashed for the first time by?

M. N. Roy

5.The plan of setting up of a Constituent Assembly to draw up the future Constitution for India was given by ?

The Cabinet Mission Plan

6.The members of the Constituent Assembly were elected by?

Provincial Assemblies

7.Which of the following word was added into the Preamble of the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976?

Socialist

8.From which Constitution was a concept of a 5-year plan borrowed into our Constitution?

USSR

9.The procedure of Amendment to the Constitution is borrowed from the Constitution ?

South Africa

10.Which country is the best example for the Federal and Unitary Governments?

America and Britain

11.Which was not a Democratic Institution of the Rig Vedic era?

Grama

12.During Medieval India, which kings first established ‘Local Self Government’?

Cholas

13.The East India Company was established in the year?

1600

14.Which Charter empowered the British Governors of Presidencies to make Bye-Laws, Rules, Regulations in conformity with the British laws?

Charter of 1726

15.Who started Dual Government in Bengal?

Robert Clive

16.Who is the first Governor General of Bengal?

Warren Hastings

17.Which is the first written document in the Constitutional History of India?

The Regulating Act, 1773

18.Which Act created for the first time in India ‘Government of India’?

Charter Act of 1833

19.Which Act created for the first ‘The Supreme Court’?

The Regulating Act, 1773

20.First Law Commission was appointed in India for codification of laws under the Chairmanship of?

Lord Macaulay

21.Which Act made the beginning of a Parliamentary System in India?

Charter Act of 1853

22.Under which of the following Act, the Crown of England took the affairs of the Government of India into its own hands?

Government of India Act, 1858

23.The Governor General of India was also the representative of British Crown to Princely States in India and hence was known as the?

Viceroy of India

24.Which Act for the first time gave an opportunity for Indians to enter into the sphere of Legislature?

Indian Councils Act, 1861

25.Which Act made the beginning of Electoral System in India?

Government of India Act, 1858

26.Which of the following Act made the Indian Legislature Bi-cameral for the first time?

Government of India Act, 1919

27.The famous Dandi March laid by Gandhiji was against?

Salt Tax

28.Which proposal was referred as ‘Post Dated Cheque’?

The Cripps Proposal

29.Indian National Congress started ‘Quit India Movement’ after the failure of?

Cripps Mission

30.Gandhiji gave a call to all Indians ‘Do or Die’, which is popularly known as?

Quit India Movement

31.Which Plan rejected the demand for the independent Pakistan?

Cabinet Mission Plan

32.Partition of British India into two independent nations India and Pakistan was done according to?

Mountbatten Plan

33.The Federal features of the Indian Government was introduced by the?

Government of India Act, 1935

34.Which feature was borrowed by the Indian Constitution from the British Constitution?

Law making procedure, Parliamentary System of Government, Rule of law

35.The Constitution supports?

Rule of Law

36.In Britain, Parliament is supreme; accordingly which among the following is supreme in India?

Constitution

37.The Government of India Act 1935 provided for?

Establishment of Federal Court, Diarchy at Center, Provincial autonomy

38.The Act of 1935 abolished?

Diarchy in the Provinces

39.The Constitution of India was enacted by a Constituent Assembly set up?

Under the Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946

40.The Constituent Assembly of India was created as per the proposal of?

Cabinet Mission

41.In which year did the Cripps Mission come to India?

1942

42.The Constituent Assembly set up under the Cabinet Mission Plan had a strength of?

389

43.The strength of the Constituent Assembly, after the withdrawal of the Muslim League, was reduced to?

299

44.How many Committees were set up by the Constituent Assembly for framing the Constitution?

13

45.Who of the following acted as the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly?

B. N. Rau

46.Demand for a Constitution, framed by a Constituent Assembly was made by?

Gandhiji

47.The idea of a Constituent Assembly to frame a Constitution for India was first mooted by?

Swaraj Party in 1928

48.Who started with presentation of the ‘Objective Resolution’ on 22.01.1947?

Jawaharlal Nehru

49.When was the ‘Objective Resolution’ moved and adopted?

13.12.1946 and 22.01.1947

50.The Members of the Constituent Assembly were?

Elected by Provincial Assemblies

51.The Constituent Assembly of India held its first meeting on?

09.12.1946

52.Which one of the following acted as the Provisional President of the Constituent Assembly?

Sachidananda Sinha

53.The Constituent Assembly elected on 11.12.1946 as its Permanent Chairman?

Rajendra Prasad

54.Who elected the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly?

B. R. Ambedkar

55.The Chairman of the Drafting Committee to prepare a Draft Constitution of India was?

B. R. Ambedkar

56.The name of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar is associated with which of the following?

Chairman-Drafting Committee

57. Who among the following was member of the Drafting Committee?

Ambedkar, Gopalachari Ayyangar, Alladi Krishnaswami

58.Many Provisions in our Constitution have been borrowed from the Government of India Act?

1919

59.The Government of India Act 1919 introduced a system of diarchy in the provinces. ‘Diarchy’ means a system of?

Double government

60.When was the Constituent Assembly established to form the Constitution?

06.12.1946

61.The Constitution of India was adopted on?

26.11.1949

62.The Constitution of India came into force on?

26.01.1950

63.The Constitution of India contains (Articles, Parts, Schedules)?

444, 24, 12

64.How much time did the Constituent Assembly take to prepare the Constitution of India?

02Y, 11M, 18D

65.Who had given the idea of a Constitution for India of all?

M. N. Roy

66.The Constitution of India is?

written and bulky document

67.The Constitution framed by a Committee consisting of the people representatives is called as?

Written Constitution

68. Constitution which provides for a series of semi-autonomous states joined together as a nation is?

Federal Constitution

69. Centralization of power is an important feature in?

Federal Constitution

70. The Constitution which can be amended by simple act of the legislature is known as?

Flexible Constitution

71. Which one of the following provisions of the Constitution came into force soon after its adoption on 26.11.1949?

Provisional Parliament, Provisions relating to Citizenship, Elections

72. India has been described under Article 1 of the Constitution as a?

Union of States

73. The Constitution of India is?

Partly rigid and partly flexible

74. The Constitution of India describes India as?

A Union of States

75. The Indian Constitution is recognized as?

Federal in form and Unitary in spirit

76. The feature common of both Indian and American Federation is?

Supreme Court to interpret Constitution

77. The Indian Constitution came into force on 26.01.1950, hence this day is celebrated as?

Republic Day

78. January 26th was selected as the date for the inauguration of the Constitution because?

Congress had observed it as the Independence Day in 1930

79. 26th November, 1949 is a significant day in our constitutional history because?

The Constitution was adopted on this day

80. Which one of the following exercised the most profound influence on the Indian Constitution?

The GoI Act, 1935

81. The Parliamentary system of Government in India is based on the pattern of?

Great Britain

82. To whom does the People of India gave the Constitution to?

Themselves

83. The beginning word ‘WE’ in the Preamble refers to the?

Citizens of India

84. The important test to identify the basic features of the Indian Constitution is?

Preamble

85. The Preamble to the Constitution contain?

Fraternity, Democratic, Sovereignty

86. India is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. In the Indian Constitution, this expression occurs in?

Preamble

87. The Preamble to the Constitution declares India as?

Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic

88. The Preamble of Indian Constitution has been amended so far?

Once

89. The Preamble was amended by the?

42nd Amendment, 1976

90. ‘Fraternity’ means?

spirit of brotherhood

91. The words ‘Socialist Secular’ were?

Added by the 42nd Amendment

92. ‘Liberty’ in our Preamble does not include Freedom of?

Action

93. Which among the following is an aid to the Statutory Interpretation?

Preamble

94. Which of the key to open the minds of the makers of the Constitution?

Preamble

95. If the Head of the State is an elected functionary for a fixed term, it is known as ____State.

Republic

96. The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is borrowed from the?

Objective Resolution

97. Objective Resolution was silent as to the concept of ____ which was inserted into the Preamble by the Constituent Assembly?

Democratic

98. Universal Adult Franchise shows that India is a _______ country.

Democratic

99. Who proposed Preamble before the Drafting Committee of the Constitution?

Jawaharlal Nehru

100. The Preamble of our Constitution reads

We, the people of India in our Constituent Assembly adopt, enact and give to