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Judiciary, though an organ of the state, is not specifically mentioned in Article 12, unlike the executive and the legislature. Whether the judiciary comes under the definition of ‘state’ or not depends on the type of function carried out by the courts.In the exercise

The term “State” is defined under Article 12 of Part III (Fundamental Rights) of the Constitution of India.The definition of State provided under Article 12 is inclusive but not exhaustive and there are certain authorities and instrumentalit

India and Pakistan troops are reported to have exchanged fire briefly along the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir’s Kupwara district.This is the first violation along the Kashmir Valley section of the de facto border since February this year.Background:

The Supreme Court has stepped in to protect homebuyers from exploitation by builders who delay transfer of possession and often redraft delivery schedules.Need for:A petition was filed on the lack of a “uniform or model” form for agreements entered into among builders,

North Korea has warned the UN Security Council against criticising the isolated country’s missile programme.What’s the issue?North Korea has warned the UNSC about the consequences it will bring in the future in case it tries to encroach upon the sovereignty of N

Taiwan recently reported that 38 Chinese military jets flew into its defence air zone, claiming it as one of the biggest incursions by Beijing.Recent clashes between China and Taiwan:China has increased diplomatic, economic and military pressure on Taiwan, whose residents o

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a newly designed Jal Jeevan Mission(JJM) mobile application on October 2, 2021, Gandhi Jayanti.The app would enable anyone to fund provision of tap water in rural parts of India.About the Jal Jeevan Mission:JJM envisages su

In a bid to reopen the tourism sector, the Arunachal Pradesh government has decided to withdraw suspension on issuing ILP and Protected Area Permit to travellers as the COVID-19 situation in the northeastern State is “under control”.What is an ILP?It is a doc

The Election Commision of India (ECI) has frozen the ‘Bungalow’ election symbol of the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP), so that neither of the two factions of the party will be able to use it in the coming Assembly byelections for the Kusheshwar Asthan and Tarapur seat

Case laws -Constitution lawPreamble -Case lawsThe preamble refers to the introduction or preface of the Constitution. It contains the summary of Constitution.According to N.A. Palkhiwala “Preamble is an identity card of Constitution and it is an introduction to the st